Shapes and space, explained
Flat shapes, solid shapes and the angles at their corners. A shape is named by its sides and corners, a solid by its faces, and an angle by how far it opens. The pages below show what to look for, so a child can name a shape by counting rather than guessing.
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2D shapes
Name a flat shape by counting its straight sides.
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Regular and irregular
Regular means every side is the same length and every angle the same size.
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Sides and corners
Mark where you start and go round once. Corners and sides always match.
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3D shapes
Cubes, cones, spheres and more, named by their faces.
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Faces, edges, vertices
Count the parts of a solid, the ones at the back too.
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Types of angles
Acute, right or obtuse, measured against a square corner.
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Angles in shapes
Name the marked corner of a shape.
Questions people ask
What is the difference between 2D and 3D shapes?
A 2D shape is flat, like a drawing on paper. It has length and width but no thickness. A 3D shape is solid, like a box or a ball, and it has thickness too.
Corners or vertices?
They are the same thing. Younger children usually say corners, and older ones learn the word vertex, or vertices for more than one.
More explained
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Divisibility rules
Tell whether a number divides exactly by 2 to 13, without doing the division.
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Factors and primes
What a prime is, how to break a number into primes, and the HCF and LCM.
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Written methods
Long addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, decimals included.
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Number facts
Adding and taking away small numbers, the times tables and division facts.
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Fractions
What a fraction is, comparing and equal fractions, and adding, taking away, multiplying and dividing them.