How to tell if a number is divisible by 6

6 has no rule of its own. It borrows two, and the mistake almost everyone makes is checking one of them, finding it works, and stopping there.

The rule

A number is divisible by 6 when it is even and its digits add up to a multiple of 3, both at once.

How to check it

  1. Check the last digit. If it is 0, 2, 4, 6 or 8, the number passes the test for 2.
  2. Add the digits. If the total is a multiple of 3, the number passes the test for 3.
  3. Only if both are true does the number divide by 6.

Worked examples

Is 4620 divisible by 6?

ends in 0 → even ✓ 4 + 6 + 2 + 0 = 12 → multiple of 3 ✓

Both tests pass, so yes. 4620 = 6 × 770.

Is 1155 divisible by 6?

ends in 5 → not even ✗ 1 + 1 + 5 + 5 = 12 → multiple of 3 ✓

It passes the 3 test but fails the 2 test, so no.

Is 4622 divisible by 6?

ends in 2 → even ✓ 4 + 6 + 2 + 2 = 14 → not a multiple of 3 ✗

Even, but the digit sum fails, so no.

Why both tests, and why these two

6 = 2 × 3, and 2 and 3 share no divisor apart from 1. A number that contains a 2 and a 3 among its factors therefore contains a 6.

Passing only one test proves only half of it. 1155 has a 3 in it but no 2, so the best it can do is an odd multiple of 3. 4622 has a 2 but no 3.

The same logic is why the test for 12 is 3 and 4 rather than 2 and 6: the two halves have to be coprime, or they overlap and let impostors through.

Where it goes wrong

Questions people ask

Could I halve the number and test for 3 instead?

Yes, that works too: if a number is even and its half divides by 3, it divides by 6. The two-test version is usually faster because the digit sum does not change much.

Is every multiple of 6 also a multiple of 3?

Yes, and of 2. The multiples of 6 are exactly the numbers that appear in both the 2 and 3 times tables.

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